Java backend development involves creating server-side applications and services using the Java programming language. It typically utilizes frameworks like Spring and Hibernate to build robust, scalable applications that interact with databases and handle business logic. Java backend developers focus on implementing RESTful APIs, managing data transactions, and ensuring application security and performance. Their work is crucial for supporting frontend components and delivering seamless user experiences in web and mobile applications. Overall, Java’s platform independence and extensive libraries make it a popular choice for backend development.